Door lock



July l5, 1930. H. o. RIVERS 1,770364 DOORLOCK Filed Sept. 9, 1929 Arti/s.

Patented July 15, 1930 Y UNITED STATES PxrisNl'If-l OFFICE j e HECTOR osMoND RIVERS, or HAB'ERF'IELQENEAR synNEmnUsrRALrA" Application filed September 9, 1929, Serial N o. 391,341, and in'lAustralia July 27, 1928.

This `invention relates toY improvements. in door locks being particularly directed to a pin lock and has for its object the provision of simple and effective mechanism which sults in a lock of great utility. A

Locks of this class at present in use are all dependent on the pins only for locking and are disposed in a single, barrel arranged in a housing and as such tend to allow of the insertion of aninstrument which would allow of the unauthorizedk picking of the lock. f

This invention has been devisedrto overthe two members beingaccommodated within a housing, forming a plurality of orices in'.

the spindle and-in the barrel member and accommodating set-slof pins in the ysaid ori'- ces, the lower ends of the lower set of pins projecting into the keyway of the spindle undulations of the key, the upperset of pins being normally disposed partly inthe barrelL 4and partly in thehousing, the rowsof pins being complementary to each other,'so that on the withdrawal of, the key from the spindle f the lower set-of pins dropin Order .that their upper edges are flush with or slightly below the surface of thespindle which allows of the free rotation of the spindle and the lock re- `mains in lockedposition by reason oftheffact `the barrel, and consequently thebolts or bars which are connected therewith," y are maine 4 tained in rigid locked position; but on the in- Aen,

the lower set of pins are actuated bythe unf dulations of the key `and areforced upwardly sothat they also enter the barreland the top *56 ends of the pins of the lowerrow force the upper row of pins Vfurther into *the housing invention comprises a-freely rotatable spindle having a keyway therethrough, saidV spindle being enclosed by a rotatable barrel member,-

, whereby they are in intimate contact with the y that the upper set of pins register between lthe 2 barrelV and the housing and -in thatv position v lated. 1- .i

sertion of the key in thekeyway of'the'spindle and clear of thebarrel so that in that position the spindle can be partially turned and by the position ofthe lower set of pins which have,

partiallyenteredthe barrel so the barrel turns `with the spindle and the locking members carried by thelbarrel can thus be moved to the right or left to lock or'unlock the doorito tion, the key isremoved from the keyway and the pins acted on by springs above the top row return to normal position, `that is, .the bottom which the lock is fitted. When in locked posi-l Y row of pins drop to their lowest movement in',

the spindle clearof the barrel leaving the spindle in `free rotatable conditionand the upper set of pins drop so that they enter partly. into` the barrel `and remain Y partly in the housing, thus it ,willy be, observed,v that as the upperpins retain the barrel in rigid relation-V ship tothehousing, ythe spindle is .free to rotate :and the upper pins ,beingthe retaining elements between the barrel and the housing,V

itis impossiblefor any instrument applied i from the outside to interfere `with them in an` unauthorized manner.v

The invention is further characterized iirstly forming pins inthe barrel, spindle and housing of the same diameter so that. when the door is locked any combined movement between the `barrel and thehspindle is prevented, the lock beingl always dependent on the position of the-rows of pins for opening as well as locking. y v

`f yThe invention isfurvther characterized in that a lower set of pins lis provided disposed wholly', into thespindle when, the door is locked; and said pins are adapted'tojbe retained in such lowermost position vby'orming a 'collar-or, rim or thelike on the 'upper set Y i of pins, the upper ends of which normally rest .on a'shoulder formed in the "slotsvin thel housingso that only by the usel of the key suitable tov'thecombination can the lock be manipu- The; invention `further characterizedk byA the use of a series of holes in the housing,

' barrelnandspindle of the lockfsaid holes -being normally alignment to accommodate spring controlled pins, the vupper set of which e is disposedfin the housing and plovidel'llwith collars at the upper end thereof to vseat 011 a iov , pins 10.l

shoulder portion formed at the base of each hole in the said housing.

The invention is further characterized by the provision of a pin in the housing separate from the looking pins and extending into an annular groove in the barrel of the lock to ride therein on the `rotation of said barrel and at the same time prevent the voluntary detachment of the parts. l

But in order that the invention may be more readily, understood reference. will. now.

l be made to 'the accompanying' drawings in They spindle memberis provided with a keywayy 13 extending the entirejlength thereofvinto whichrnerge the holes 8 receiving the lower set of pins 9 which, are` also setupwardly into theholes 8 formedinft'he body, portion 14of thelsaid spindle and inline with the holes8formed in the; surrounding bar'- rel 6.

rlhe barrel 6 and spindle ofv the `lock are rotatably" mounted in the'housing-V which is boredv out as at 7a to receive them' and the.`

housing isY providedlwithva faceplate -15 diss posed at the'front ofr and cast integral with a longitudinal rib 16 in"which'the holes 8 are formed corresponding with the holes 8 in the barrel 6 and spindleV 5' respectively, the.

said 'holes`i8 in all' the parts, except the vupper portions 8f* offy the holes in the housing, being of the same diameter to accommodate the locking pinsl 9.

The-upper port-ions 8a of-theholes in the housing are larger in diameterfto accommodate collars llfat the/top of the uppery set of The pins'9 are of the saine diameter being arrangediny twol sets', vthev upper set 1 0 being :received in the holes'8 inthe housing 7 and normally project into the registeringl I holes 8- in the barrel flush with the internal surface 6a thereof; Y y

The upper pins -10gare' provided vaty the up-k mally seat upon Ya shoulder 12 formed ,loyfre-I ducingthe saidholes 8 jat the 1 bottom` :of: the,

z housing: f

By.. Aproviding #the upper, pins- 51(1)v with I'coli lars. 111 asfV mentioned they are prevented from lto lock thedoor.'

condition would effect the operation of the lower set of pins 9 thereby upsetting the com'- bination necessary to open the lock and also preventing the spindle member 5 from freely rotating within the barrel 6.

The lower pins 9 at the base 17 are rounded to project into the keyway 13 of the spindle member 5 to receive the undulatory surface of the key and extend into the holes 8 inthe body portion 14 of the spindle, said pins` 9 each being of sufficient length as is required by the undulations of the key to producevt-he necessary combination between the upper and lower pins 9 and 10 respectively to operate the lock as will, be hereinafter described.

'Ihe rib16 of the housing is grooved as at 18tov slidably receive a cover` plate 19 against which springs 2O recessed in the larger diam@ eter 8e of the upper set of holesfare adapted to impinge the said springs seating on the collars 11 of the upper pins 10 to provide sufficient'compressiononthe said pins to keep them normally in the lowermostj'position in relation to-the spindle, i. e. upon the shouldersy 12in ,the holes formedy in the housing.

The barrel member' is provided with an annular-groove'21 preferably at the rear end, thesaid groove 21'receivinga pin 22 recessed ina hole 23 `in linewithv the holesvS inthe housing 7 said pin 22 beingadapted to ride Y in the groovey 21 and while allowing the barrel `and the spindle to rotate prevents thev voluntary detachment of the parts.

. The longitudinal rib 16 of the housing 7 is also provided at each side with lugs 24 which are tapped to receive threaded boltsV or thel like' for aliiXing the lock to the door.

The-stema25 of the spindlemember 5 projects beyondand is separate fromfthe face plate 15'of` the housing-'7, the projection or being 'presented'for the insertion of' the key. `They barrel member 6 at the rear end, i's closed .fandfformed with a reduced portion-28l providedwitha rib 29 to receivea cup head spindle 30- adapted to connect I with latch mechanism or locking bars, vstraps or'the like bodygofthe spindle-5 and do not normallyv project1into`the-holes 8 .of the barrel, the spindle beingy normally free to rotate loosely within th'e'barrel/G'inunison with theV handle knob.-

inthe keyway 13 ofthespindle 5 since the` lowfe'rL-pi'ns 9 cannot rise owing to their upper..

endsfimpinging vaga-inst the'internal surface ofE the`r surrounding barrel ,6.

To lofkjorjr unlock the door,` the keyl isin;

serted in the keyway 13 while the operator slowly rotates the -spindle 5 by the handleknob 26 to bring the holes 8 in the said spindle 5 intol registration with the holes in the barrel 6 and housing 7, the pressure caused by the i11- sertion of the key when such registration of the said holes takes place causes the first pin when impinged on by the initial undulation of the key to move upwardly in its hole 8 to engage with and lift the corresponding upper pini() off its shoulder 12 against the pressure of the spring 20.

On the operator striking the first pin 9 he then feels with the key which being correctly shaped with the necessary undulations to effect the combination will force eachv pin 9 consecutively to rise together with the corresponding upper pins 10, thus permitting the lower set of pins 9 to rise partially into the holes in the barrel 6, the movement of said pins being limited to retain a portion thereof in the holes in the spindle, thus effecting a substantially rigid connection between the said spindle and barrel whereby the barrel 6 will rotate in unison with the spindle 5 as the operator rotates the handle knob 26.

The rotation of the barrel 6 effects the rotation of the cup headed spindle 8O connectingl said barrel whereby the latch mechanism or locking bars will be operated to either lock or unlock the door.

The owner of the premises upon whichthe lock is positioned, however, being conversant with the function of the lock inserts the ke as far as it will go and rotates the handle or knob 26 at the same time in the direction of rotation required whether unlocking or locking the door.

It will be obvious that both sets of pins 9 an-d 10 must all function to allow the barrel to rotate with the spindle to operate the locking mechanism, this being only possible by the insertion of the correct key having the necessary undulatory effective surface to produce the combination of the said pins whereby if an incorrect key were used causing one pin to fail to act the combination would fail owing to that pin producing a lock between the housing 7 and barrel 6, thus preventing therota-V tion ofthe said barrel which is essential as has been hereinbefore described. Y y Y As has been previously mentioned, the pin holes 8 together with the pins 9 and 10 except v the upper portion 8 ofthe upper setof holes being of the same diameter, slackness is avoided between the spindle, barrel and lockand Y also the formation of the collarsatthe top of the upper setof pins 10 prevents thesaid pins 10 from dropping right through into the unf occupied portions of the holes in the spindle and obstructing the passage of the lower pins 9 on the insertion Yofthe key, or preventing the spindle from rotating freely, resulting in an indiiferent functioning of the lock.

"The avoidance of yslackness between the spindle, barrel and housing in the manner outlined above ensures the positive operation of separate from the latch mechanism or locking barsmay be broken or destroyed-without effecting the unlocking of the door. Y

- The invention therefore consists of a pin lock having a cylindrical spindle 5 and barrel 6 within the housing 7 and sets of pins 9, 10 so arranged as to be operable so that a partial turn bringsthe sets of pins into line and per# mits the insertion of the key at that position, the complete operation of locking being by a partial `turn of both the spindle and barrel and the automatic locking or unlocking is eected. i

The lock as hereindescribed has ltherefore the characteristic that there is an effective fixing between the spindle 5 and the barrel 6 by reason of the fact that the key being disposedin the keyWay 13 in the spindle 5 in-f stead of in the housing 7, the lifting` pins9 must all be Vfully connected to the spindle from the key upwardsand into the barrel 6 in order to unlock and therefore is .readily capa-V the pins and keys. Y

This lifting movement ofthe lifting pins 9 -causing `them to move upwardly into the y barrel 6 and to the outer circumference thereof,so forcing the upper pinsA 1Y0 clear of ther `barrel against the -springs20 so that the spindleand the barrel are interconnected by the lifting pins9 to allow the-barrelto ro- Y tate with the spindle V5 during the operation of-eitherlocking or unlocking: Y n

Thus I have `describedand illustrated .im-

provements in door locksfwhich shall be -of i great utility and ,I desireit to be understood that the improvements -herein d'escribedmay jbe vadapted to other forms of pin locks as desired. 7 Y

What I, claim as invention and Vdesire tosecure by VLetters Patent is 1. A door lockcomprising the combination Vofa housing, a barrel within thehousing and a spindle within the barrel, a set of Vholes in p each of saidgmembers all positively in regis? tration with each other only when therkey is inserted in the keyway vofthe spindle, the holes, receiving upper and lower sets of Vpins of similar diameter, the lifting pins being setv in the spindle and are forced upwardly by the vundulations of the key, so that the upper ends thereof pass through the holes in'thebarrel and practically flush with lthe outer surface of said barrel, the upper set of'pinsbeing nor# mally set `atflockedv position relatively between the barrel and the housing, but on the` A upward movement of thelower pins the said upper `set Vofpins are forced fully into the e base of the holes in the said housing member substantially as described.v

housing clear of the barrel and so that in this position the spindle and barrel rotate in unison to alect the locking or unlocking movement of the latch mechanism carried by the barrel substantially as described.

2. An improvement in door locks comprising' a. spindle, barrel and housing member, upper and lower sets of pins oi similar diameter disposed in holes adapted to register with each other and Jformed in the spindle barrel and housing, a keyway in the spindle, the lifting pins being fully connected to the spindle from the key upwards and through the barrel surrounding the spindle to permit of the locking or unlocking of the lock substantially as described. I

3. An improvement in door locks comprising a spindle, a barrel and a housing member, a series of holes in said members adapted to register and de-register with each other, upper and lower sets of locking pins of equal diameter disposed in said holes, providing the upper set of pins with collars to seat on a shoulder formed in the holes in the housing, said upper pins extending into the registering holes in the barrel, the holes in the spindle member accommodating the lower set of pins being merged into a keyway extending the entire length of said spindle, the spindle being provided with a projecting portion for the reception of a handle knob, a reduced portion at the rear end of the barrel adapted to connect latch operating mechanism, a longitudinal rib to said housingA slotted to receive a cover plate, an additional pin recessed within said housing and projecting into an annular groove in the barrel and a face plate to said housing member substantially as described and illustrated.

4. An improvement in door locks comprising a spindle, a barrel and'housing member, the combination therewith of upper and lower sets of locking pins of similar diameter disposed in a series of holes adapted to relatively register, said holes being formed in the spindle barrel and housing members, collars formed on the upper sets of pins at the top thereof seating upon shoulders formed in the 5. An improvement in door'locks comprisinga spindle, barrel and housing member, the combination therewith of a series of holes normally in registration and formed in the 'Tf spindle, barrel and housing members, upper pins and impingingon alcover plate slotted inthe upperribbed surface of the housing and lower sets-of pins of similar diameter,

disposedin said holes, collars at the top of said upper pins to seat on shoulders formed rin. a reduced portion at the base of the pin holes in the housing, said upper pins extendv ing into the registering holes in the barrel f member, the lower pins extending into a keywel 

